Pathophysiology of cancer cachexia

A caquexia é uma complicação freqüentemente observada em pacientes portadores de tumores malignos. Apesar de várias décadas transcorrerem desde a descrição inicial das disfunções metabólicas associadas ao câncer, poucas medidas terapêuticas foram induzidas com sucesso na prática médica. O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão detalhada da fisiopatologia básica da caquexia em câncer, e as opções terapêuticas desenvolvidas nesta área. Estudos experimentais, assim como clínicos, são avaliados individualmente para esclarecer as alterações complexas observadas em pacientes portadores de tumores. As dificuldades encontradas para introduzir manipulações metabólicas e terapias de suporte nutricional eficientes são discutidas nesta revisão.Cancer cachexia is a frequent complication observed in patients with malignant tumors. Although several decades have passed since the first focus on the metabolic dysfunction's associated with cancer, few effective therapeutic interventions have been successfully introduced into the medical armamentarium. The present study thoroughly reviews the basic pathophysiology of cancer cachexia and the treatment options already investigated in that field. Experimental and clinical studies were evaluated individually in order to clarify the intricate alterations observed in tumor-bearing patients. The difficulties in introducing sound and effective nutritional support or metabolic manipulation to reverse cancer cachexia are outlined in this review

Optimal Lighting Conditions for Office Workers from the Perspective of Non-visual Effects

University is one of the institutions that may have to face disaster events. For two decades, there have been a number of disasters that have negatively impacted the university. Resilience is an important concept that has been developed in the field of disaster management. This concept emphasizes on building adaptive capacitythrough social development, community competences, and strong communication and information systems. Students as a community often stay in campus for their activities such as study, research, and organization activities and are therefore prone to risks and dangers. It is important for students to be prepared in facing possible disasters so as to increase the resilience in the event of a disaster in the university. This research will show the perception of students in facing disaster, and furthermore will develop comprehensive disaster mitigation at the university, not only structural resilience, but also human resource to prepare in facing disasters. The purpose of this study is to describe the preparedness and awareness of the students of the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Nursing, and Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Indonesia in facing disasters in an effort to increase disaster resilience in the university. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study performed on 388 respondents. Results show that generally the respondents are resilient enough in facing disasters. It showed from their answers with a percentage > 50%, there are: awareness of potentials for disaster on campus, respondents need to prepare in facing disasters, they got information from valid sources, they have been trained in disaster, appropriate answers regarding to emergency response during disaster, and knowledge regarding nearest health services. However, improvements are still needed for several variables, including disaster preparedness on campus, knowledge of early warning system in campus, ownership of catastrophe insurance, level of preparedness (which is still low at 30.9%), valid information sources, and participation in disaster response training should be increased. Keywords: disaster, disaster management, awareness, preparedness, resilience, universit

Knowledge of Risk Factors of Cancer Among Nepali Immigrants in Japan

Cancer accounts for 30% mortality in Japan. Increasing the basic knowledge on Cancer is vital to decrease the burden of cancer treatment and medical expenses. Since Nepal is the largest South Asian community in Japan, it is necessary to assess their awareness of Cancer. The purpose of this study was to identify cancer awarenessamong Nepali immigrants in Japan. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted Hokkaido prefecture, Japan. A snowball sample of 100 Nepali immigrants aged 20-45 years participated in this study. SPSS V.22.0 was used for regression and descriptive analysis. Most immigrants (67%) were in between 31 and 45 years old and male (73%). Almost 21% did not have health insurance in Japan. The smoking rate was low (12%) while the alcohol rate was high (65%) among immigrants. Internet was reported to be the most common source of information. A total of 87% of immigrants showed a strong need for cancer education. The total range of score was 0-9. Female, university-level education, family history of chronic illness, and immigrants with the daily habit of healthy diet had better knowledge about risk factors of Cancer. Multiple regressions showed education level, length of stay, and healthy diet habit as a significant factor for knowledge about cancer (R2 = 0.34, p<0.01). There was limited knowledge on risk factors of cancer among Nepali immigrants. This study showed a strong need for awareness about cancer and screening tests to ameliorate the increased risk of cancer. Keywords: Risk factors, Cancer, Immigrants, Knowledge, Nepal